Wars & Conflicts

The first war between India and Pakistan, fought over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Triggered by tribal invasion supported by Pakistan, followed by Maharaja's accession to India and Indian military intervention. Ended with UN-brokered ceasefire establishing the Line of Control.

A 17-day war fought between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, beginning with Pakistani infiltration (Operation Gibraltar) and escalating to full-scale conventional war across the international border. Ended with a UN-brokered ceasefire and return to pre-war positions.

The shortest and most decisive war between India and Pakistan, resulting in the independence of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan). Triggered by Pakistani military crackdown on Bengali population and Indian intervention on humanitarian grounds. Ended with Pakistan's unconditional surrender of 93,000 troops - the largest military surrender since World War II.

A limited conflict fought at high altitude in the Kargil district of Kashmir. Pakistani forces (initially disguised as militants) infiltrated across the Line of Control to occupy strategic heights. India launched Operation Vijay to evict the infiltrators. The war brought two nuclear-armed nations to the brink and ended with Pakistani withdrawal under international pressure.

A brief but intense military escalation between India and Pakistan in May 2025, triggered by a terrorist attack in Pahalgam. India conducted airstrikes on targets in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in what it described as a counter-terrorism operation. Pakistan retaliated with its own strikes. International mediation led to a ceasefire within days, but tensions remain elevated.